Complete Blood Count – It measures levels of all different type of blood cells in blood.

It includes:

1. The count of White blood cells (WBC’s or leuckocytes)
2. The count of Red blood cells (RBC’s or erythrocytes)
3. The count of Platelets(or thrombocytes)

It also includes:

• levels of haemoglobin.      
• Hematocrit value  –a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in blood.

Each type of blood cells has its own role in keeping our body healthy. The red blood cells carry oxygen, the white blood cells fight infections and platelets help to clot your blood when any sort of injury happens.

If the complete blood count shows an abnormal increase or decrease in cell count it may point out to an underlying medical condition. But furthermore testing is required to find out the root cause of such a medical condition.

INTERPRETATION of CBC–

A low number of WBCs is called leukopenia. Leukopenia is when count is  less than 4,500 cells per microliter (4.5 × 10⁹/L). Neutrophils are one type of WBC. They are important for fighting infections.

A low  number of RBC may be caused by an infection or  anemia. Its generally caused by iron deficiency in your body.

A low number of platelet count  is when it is less than 150,000 platelets per microliter. Low platelet count maybe related to trouble in stopping bleeding.

 Normal haemoglobin levels varies from person to person based on age and gender. For men normal range is 14-18g/dland for women 12-16g/dl. If you have lower than normal haemoglobin level, your doctor may order another test that reveals iron-deficiency anaemia.Since dangerously low haemoglobin level may prove fatal and may lead to death i.e below 7g/dl.  A below normal range haematocrit value indicates the person has less number of red blood cells and its an aneamic condition.

ESR( Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) –ESR shows if you have any kind of inflammation in your body. If ESR Indicates that your red blood cells sink faster than normal, it means your body has inflammation.

Widal test for typhoid : Typhoid is an acute, life threatening and fever causing disease. It is transmitted by ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated with feces of a person infected with bacteria named Salmonella Typhi.  Widal test is a rapid serological test for diagnosis of typhoid fever.

Peripheral smear for malaria is performed on blood sample to find out level of malarial parasite in blood. Diagnosis involves identification of malarial parasite or its antigen/products in blood of the patient. The test provides complete data on species, the stages and density of parasitemia.

Urine Test

Urine routine test involves physical and chemical examination of urine. Physical examination involves checking the appearance and concentration urine. Chemical examination involves checking the pH and content of urine.

An abnormal pH signifies kidney stones, urinary tract infections(UTI) and chronic kidney disease. Presence of protein indicates damage to kidney’s filtering unit. Presence of sugar indicates diabetes. Presence of pus cells indicates infection. Presence of bilirubin indicates liver disease. Presence of blood indicates liver stones and requires further investigation. Presence of creatinine indicates the concentration of Urine.

Urine  microscopic  test is used to diagnose problems like urinary tract infection(UTI), kidney problem, urinary tract injury and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

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